Objectivism

Ayn Rand (1957 Phyllis Cerf portrait)

Rand - ITOE

Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by Russian-American writer Ayn Rand. Rand first expressed Objectivism in her novels, most notably The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), before elaborating on its principles in non-fiction essays and books. Objectivism's central tenets include the advocacy of rational self-interest, individualism, capitalism, and the rejection of altruism in ethics. Rand's philosophy also encompasses epistemology, metaphysics, and aesthetics.

Philosophical Tenets

Metaphysics: Objective Reality

Objectivism holds that reality exists independently of consciousness, that human beings have direct contact with reality through sense perception, and that one can attain objective knowledge through the process of concept formation and logical deduction. According to Objectivism, the law of identity (A is A) is the fundamental axiom of metaphysics.

Epistemology: Reason

In Objectivism, reason is the only means of acquiring knowledge. Rand argued that all knowledge is based on sense perception, which is processed by the means of concept formation. Objectivism rejects faith or feelings as means of knowledge and emphasizes the importance of logic.

Ethics: Rational Self-Interest

Objectivism posits that the moral purpose of one's life is the pursuit of one's own happiness or rational self-interest. Rand argued that there is a moral obligation to achieve one's own well-being and happiness as the highest moral aim. Objectivism rejects altruism, the view that self-sacrifice is the moral ideal.

Politics: Capitalism

In the realm of politics, Objectivism advocates for laissez-faire capitalism as the only social system that protects individual rights. Rand saw capitalism as the system that arises naturally when individuals are free to act in their rational self-interest. Objectivism opposes all forms of collectivism, statism, and the welfare state.

Aesthetics: Romantic Realism

In aesthetics, Objectivism advocates for romantic realism, a form of art that portrays life "as it might be and ought to be." Rand believed that art serves the function of presenting abstract principles in concrete form, through which individuals can contemplate and enjoy the concretization of their deepest values.

Criticism and Influence

Objectivism has been both influential and controversial. Critics argue that Rand's philosophy is overly simplistic, dogmatic, and lacks compassion for those who are unable to achieve success through no fault of their own. Despite this, Objectivism has had a significant impact on American libertarian and conservative movements, influencing political thought and public policy.

Legacy

The legacy of Objectivism continues through the work of the Ayn Rand Institute and other organizations, which promote Rand's philosophy through educational programs, scholarships, and publications. Objectivism has also found a place in popular culture, with references in movies, television shows, and literature.