Occupational health and safety

Occupational health and safety (also known as OHS, occupational safety and health, or workplace health and safety) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work. The goal of occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe and healthy work environment.

History

The concept of occupational health and safety has been present since antiquity. The ancient Egyptians recognized the hazards of breathing in the dust that was produced when they cut and ground mica, a mineral used in cosmetics. Hippocrates, the ancient Greek physician, noted lead toxicity in the mining industry. In the Middle Ages, guilds were formed to protect and care for their members, setting up rules to protect people's health.

Legislation

In many countries, legislation and regulation have been developed to ensure workers' rights to a safe and healthy working environment. These laws established minimum standards for workplace safety and worker health. Examples include the Occupational Safety and Health Act in the United States and the Health and Safety at Work Act in the United Kingdom.

Occupational hazards

Occupational hazards are aspects of work that have the potential to cause harm. They can be divided into six categories: physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazards, ergonomic hazards, psychosocial hazards, and safety hazards.

Occupational diseases

Occupational diseases are health conditions that are caused by exposure to hazardous substances or conditions in the workplace. Examples include asbestosis, silicosis, and occupational asthma.

Prevention

Prevention of occupational hazards and diseases involves the identification and control of risks. This can be achieved through a combination of engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.

See also

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Occupational Safety and Health Act
• Occupational disease
• Workplace safety

References

Occupational health and safety Resources
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