Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed by President Richard Nixon, on December 29, 1970. Its mission is to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.

History

The creation of OSHA was an important milestone in the labor movement, responding to an increasing concern for health and safety conditions in workplaces. Before OSHA, there were no national laws for safety and health hazards. Some states had enacted safety laws, but they were inconsistent and inadequately enforced. The establishment of OSHA provided a federal framework and authority to address and mitigate workplace hazards.

Function and Responsibilities

OSHA's primary function is to enforce safety and health legislation. It conducts inspections of workplaces based on complaints, referrals, and planned programs. When violations of OSHA standards are found, it can issue citations and fines. OSHA also develops and issues standards for workplace safety and health. These standards may include limits on chemical exposure, requirements for the use of certain safety equipment, and specifications for safe work practices.

In addition to enforcement, OSHA provides guidance to businesses and workers through training programs, outreach efforts, and educational materials. It also offers a variety of services, including consultation services to small and medium-sized businesses to help them comply with OSHA standards and improve their safety and health management systems.

Standards and Regulations

OSHA standards are divided into four major categories: general industry, construction, maritime, and agriculture. These standards are designed to protect workers from a wide range of hazards, including toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, and unsanitary conditions. OSHA's regulations and standards are codified in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), with the main regulations pertaining to occupational health and safety found in 29 CFR 1910 (general industry), 29 CFR 1926 (construction), 29 CFR 1915 (shipyard employment), and 29 CFR 1928 (agriculture).

Compliance and Enforcement

OSHA compliance officers conduct inspections and assess fines for non-compliance with OSHA standards. Employers have the right to contest OSHA's findings. Workers also have the right to request an OSHA inspection if they believe that their workplace is not in compliance with OSHA standards or presents a serious hazard.

Impact and Criticism

OSHA has played a significant role in reducing workplace injuries and illnesses. However, it has faced criticism from both business groups and labor organizations. Some businesses argue that OSHA regulations are too burdensome and costly, while some labor advocates believe that OSHA does not go far enough to protect workers.

See Also

• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Occupational safety and health
• Workers' compensation