Oenochoe

Ancient Greek wine jug

Oenochoe

An oenochoe (Greek: οἰνοχόη ) is a type of Ancient Greek jug used for pouring wine. The term "oenochoe" is derived from the Greek words "oinos" (wine) and "choe" (to pour), reflecting its primary function in ancient Greek society. Oenochoai were essential in symposia, the social gatherings where wine was consumed, and they played a significant role in Greek pottery and ceramics.

Design and Features

Oenochoai are characterized by their elegant form, typically featuring a trefoil mouth, a single handle, and a rounded body. The trefoil mouth, with its three-lobed shape, was designed to facilitate the smooth pouring of wine. The handle, often attached from the lip to the shoulder of the jug, allowed for easy handling and pouring.

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Oenochoe from Camiros, Louvre A318

The body of an oenochoe could vary in shape, ranging from globular to more elongated forms. The base was usually flat, allowing the jug to stand upright. Oenochoai were often decorated with intricate paintings and motifs, depicting scenes from mythology, daily life, or geometric patterns. These decorations were applied using various techniques, including black-figure and red-figure pottery styles.

Historical Context

Oenochoai have been found in archaeological sites across the Mediterranean, dating from the Geometric period (circa 900–700 BC) through the Hellenistic period (323–31 BC). They were used not only in domestic settings but also in religious and funerary contexts. The presence of oenochoai in tombs suggests their role in rituals and as offerings to the deceased.

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Oinochoe with geometric patterns

Cultural Significance

In ancient Greek culture, the oenochoe was more than just a utilitarian object; it was a symbol of hospitality and social interaction. During symposia, the host would use an oenochoe to serve wine to guests, reinforcing social bonds and demonstrating generosity. The act of pouring wine was often accompanied by libations to the gods, highlighting the religious significance of the vessel.

Variations and Styles

Oenochoai came in various styles, reflecting regional differences and evolving artistic trends. Some notable styles include the Corinthian oenochoe, known for its elaborate animal friezes, and the Attic oenochoe, which often featured mythological scenes.

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Oenochoe depicting Tithonos and Eos, Louvre G438

Related Pages

• Ancient Greek pottery
• Symposium (ancient Greece)
• Libation
• Black-figure pottery
• Red-figure pottery

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Oenochoe with lampadedromia scene, Louvre N3357

Gallery

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  Oenochoe from the Anthesteria festival, Louvre L71

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  Oenochoe depicting a javelin thrower, Louvre G243