Ointments

Ointments are a type of topical medication or dermatological product designed for application on the skin or mucous membranes. They are one of the oldest forms of medication delivery systems known to mankind, with their usage dating back to ancient civilizations. Ointments are semisolid preparations that typically contain medicinal substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base. The primary purpose of ointments is to exert local effects on the skin, provide protection, and, in some cases, deliver medications through the skin for systemic effect.

Composition

Ointments consist of a base in which medications are dissolved or suspended. The base can be:

• Hydrocarbon bases, such as petrolatum, which are occlusive and provide excellent emollient properties but can be greasy.
• Absorption bases, which can absorb water, allowing for the incorporation of aqueous solutions into the ointment, making them less greasy and more comfortable to apply.
• Water-removable bases, also known as oil-in-water emulsions, which are easily washed off with water and are less greasy.
• Water-soluble bases, which do not contain any oily components and can be completely washed off with water.

Types of Ointments

Ointments can be classified based on their use or the type of base used. Some common types include:

• Antibiotic ointments, designed to prevent or treat bacterial infections.
• Antifungal ointments, used to treat fungal infections of the skin.
• Steroid ointments, which contain corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and are used in conditions like eczema and psoriasis.
• Analgesic ointments, which provide pain relief in conditions such as muscle strains and arthritis.

Application

The application of ointments varies depending on their intended use but generally involves applying a small amount of the product to the affected area of the skin. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by a healthcare professional or the product's labeling, especially regarding the amount of ointment to use and the frequency of application.

Precautions

While ointments are generally safe, they can cause side effects in some individuals, including skin irritation, redness, and allergic reactions. It is important to use ointments as directed and to consult a healthcare professional if any adverse effects occur.

See Also

• Cream (pharmacy)
• Lotion
• Topical medication
• Pharmacology
• Dermatology