Oiran

Oiran were high-ranking courtesans in Japan during the Edo period. The term "oiran" comes from the Japanese phrase "ohirome", meaning "to be in the first rank". This was a title given to the most beautiful, talented, and educated women of their time, who were often involved in the arts and could entertain their clients with music, dance, and poetry.

History

The oiran arose in the Edo era (1603–1868). During this time, laws were passed restricting brothels to certain areas of the city in an effort to control the rapidly increasing population. These areas, known as Yoshiwara, were surrounded by walls and had a high concentration of brothels. The oiran were the highest-ranking courtesans in these districts and were considered the celebrities of their day.

Culture and Education

Oiran were expected to have a high level of education and were often trained in various arts. They were skilled in flower arranging, tea ceremony, calligraphy, and could play traditional Japanese instruments like the shamisen. They were also trained in classical literature and poetry, and were expected to be able to converse on a wide range of topics.

Dress and Appearance

The oiran were known for their elaborate dress and hairstyles. They wore extravagant kimonos made of fine silk and their hair was often adorned with a variety of hairpieces and ornaments. Their appearance was part of their allure and was meant to set them apart from the lower-ranking courtesans.

Decline and Legacy

The oiran culture declined during the Meiji era with the rise of geisha. Unlike oiran, geisha were not prostitutes and their focus was on providing entertainment through their skills in the arts. Today, the tradition of oiran is kept alive through festivals and special performances.

See Also

• Geisha
• Yoshiwara
• Edo period
• Courtesan