Old St. John's Hospital

Old St. John's Hospital (Oud Sint-Janshospitaal) is one of the oldest preserved hospital buildings in Europe, located in the historic center of Bruges, Belgium. The hospital dates back to the mid-12th century and served as a hospital until 1977. Today, it is a museum and a popular tourist attraction, showcasing its rich history, architecture, and a collection of artworks, including several by the Flemish Primitive painter Hans Memling.

History

The foundation of Old St. John's Hospital dates back to the 12th century, around 1150, when it was established to care for the sick, pilgrims, and travelers. The hospital was run by a religious community, which included both brothers and sisters, dedicated to the care of the ill and needy. Over the centuries, the hospital expanded its buildings and services to accommodate the growing needs of the Bruges community.

In the 13th century, the hospital chapel was constructed, which is notable for its early Gothic architectural style. The chapel also served as a place of worship for the hospital community and the patients. Throughout the Middle Ages, Old St. John's Hospital was a center for medical care, as well as a place for spiritual healing.

Architecture

The architecture of Old St. John's Hospital is a testament to the medieval building techniques and styles prevalent in Bruges during the Middle Ages. The hospital complex includes the main hospital building, the chapel, and several outbuildings, all constructed in the traditional brick Gothic style of the region. The hospital's wards were designed with high ceilings and large windows, intended to provide ventilation and light, which were considered essential for the healing process.

Museum

After the hospital moved to a new location in 1977, Old St. John's Hospital was transformed into a museum. The museum houses a remarkable collection of medical instruments, archives, and artworks, including six paintings by Hans Memling, one of the most prominent Flemish Primitive painters. Among these works is the famous Shrine of St. Ursula, which is considered one of Memling's masterpieces. The museum also offers insights into the daily life of the hospital and the medical practices of the time.

Preservation

The preservation of Old St. John's Hospital is of great importance, as it serves as a significant historical and cultural landmark. Efforts have been made to maintain the integrity of the building's structure and its interior, ensuring that visitors can experience the hospital as it was in the past. The site is protected as a part of the UNESCO World Heritage designation of the historic center of Bruges.

Conclusion

Old St. John's Hospital is not only a monument to medieval healthcare and architecture but also a bridge connecting the past to the present. It offers a unique glimpse into the history of medicine, art, and architecture, making it an essential visit for anyone interested in the rich heritage of Bruges and Europe.