Old World quail

The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Quail trap

Old World quail are small birds that belong to the family Phasianidae, which also includes pheasants, partridges, and other game birds. These birds are native to the Old World, which typically refers to Africa, Europe, and Asia. Unlike the New World quail of the family Odontophoridae found in the Americas, Old World quail are known for their migratory habits, especially the species within the genus Coturnix.

Description

Old World quail are small, plump terrestrial birds. They vary in color, usually having a camouflage pattern of brown, black, and white to help them blend into their surroundings. This camouflage is crucial for nesting birds and for avoiding predators. They have short tails and wings, the latter being adapted more for quick, short flights typical of game birds.

Habitat and Distribution

These birds are found across a wide range of habitats including grasslands, forests, and agricultural fields, where they feed on seeds, grains, and insects. Their distribution spans across many parts of the Old World, with different species adapted to various climates and terrains. The Common quail (Coturnix coturnix), for example, is widely spread across Europe and Asia and is known for its remarkable migratory routes.

Behavior

Old World quail are ground-dwelling birds that prefer to run rather than fly when threatened. They are known for their distinctive calls, which males use to attract females during the breeding season. These birds are mostly monogamous, and females are responsible for nest building and incubation. Nests are usually simple scrapes on the ground, hidden under vegetation.

Conservation

The status of Old World quail varies by species. Some, like the Common quail, are abundant and have a wide range, while others may be threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and pesticide use. Conservation efforts are in place in some areas to protect their habitats and regulate hunting.

Culinary and Cultural Significance

Old World quail have been hunted and consumed by humans for thousands of years. They are still a popular game bird in many cultures, prized for their meat and eggs. In some traditions, quail are also symbolic, representing courage and fertility.

Species

Some notable species of Old World quail include:

• Common quail (Coturnix coturnix)
• Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), which is also widely used in research and for egg production
• Rain quail (Coturnix coromandelica)
• Harlequin quail (Coturnix delegorguei)

See Also

• Game birds
• Bird migration
• Conservation status