Orchis mascula

Orchis mascula, also known as the Early-purple orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It is native to Europe, western Asia, and North Africa.

Description

The Orchis mascula is a perennial plant that grows up to 60 cm in height. It has two tubers, which distinguish it from other species of the genus Orchis. The leaves are broad and often have dark spots. The inflorescence, which appears from April to June, is dense and has up to 50 flowers. The flowers are purple, but can sometimes be pink or white.

Habitat and Distribution

Orchis mascula is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, open woods, scrub, and meadows. It prefers calcareous soils and can be found at altitudes up to 2400 meters. The species is widespread across Europe, from the UK and Ireland in the west, to Russia in the east. It is also found in North Africa and western Asia.

Uses

Historically, Orchis mascula was used to make salep, a flour made from the tubers of orchids. Salep was used as a food source and a medicine in the Middle East and Europe. Today, the plant is primarily grown for ornamental purposes.

Conservation

Orchis mascula is not currently considered to be at risk. However, like all wild orchids, it is protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). It is illegal to collect or trade this species without a permit.

See also

• List of Orchis species
• Orchidaceae