Oropouche virus

Oropouche virus (OROV) is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Peribunyaviridae family. It is one of the most common arboviruses in Central and South America, causing outbreaks of Oropouche fever, a disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, headache, joint pain, and rash.

History

The Oropouche virus was first isolated in 1955 from the blood of a forest worker in Trinidad. The virus is named after the Oropouche River, where the first human cases were identified. Since then, it has caused numerous outbreaks in Brazil, Peru, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Transmission

The Oropouche virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culicoides midges. It can also be transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes and Culex genera. In urban areas, the virus has been associated with the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito.

Clinical Manifestations

The disease caused by the Oropouche virus, known as Oropouche fever, typically begins with sudden onset of fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, and rash. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. Most patients recover within a week, but some may experience a biphasic illness with a brief period of recovery followed by a recurrence of symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Oropouche fever is based on clinical symptoms and confirmed by laboratory tests, including serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Oropouche fever. Management of the disease is supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms.

Prevention and Control

Prevention and control of Oropouche fever primarily involve vector control measures to reduce the population of Culicoides midges and mosquitoes. Personal protective measures, such as the use of insect repellent and bed nets, can also help prevent infection.

See Also

• Arbovirus
• Orthobunyavirus
• Oropouche fever
• Culicoides