Orton-Gillingham
Orton-Gillingham is an instructional approach intended primarily for use with individuals who have difficulty with reading, spelling, and writing of the sort associated with dyslexia. It is most properly understood and practiced as an approach, not a method, program, system or technique.
History[edit | edit source]
The Orton-Gillingham approach was pioneered by Samuel T. Orton, a neuropsychiatrist and pathologist, and Anna Gillingham, an educator and psychologist. In the 1920s, Orton began to study the causes and treatment of reading difficulties. Gillingham, who was trained in the use of phonics, collaborated with Orton to develop a systematic and explicit approach to teaching reading and spelling.
Principles[edit | edit source]
The Orton-Gillingham approach is based on several key principles:
- Multisensory: It uses visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile pathways simultaneously to enhance memory and learning of written language.
- Structured: The approach is structured, sequential, and cumulative, ensuring that each step builds on the previous one.
- Explicit instruction: Concepts are taught directly and explicitly.
- Diagnostic teaching: Instruction is individualized and based on continuous assessment.
- Synthetic and analytic phonics: It incorporates both synthetic phonics (building words from sounds) and analytic phonics (analyzing whole words to identify sounds).
Implementation[edit | edit source]
Orton-Gillingham is often used in one-on-one tutoring, small group instruction, or in a classroom setting. It is particularly effective for students with dyslexia and other language-based learning difficulties. Teachers and tutors trained in the Orton-Gillingham approach are able to tailor their instruction to meet the specific needs of each student.
Training and Certification[edit | edit source]
Training in the Orton-Gillingham approach is offered by various organizations, including the Academy of Orton-Gillingham Practitioners and Educators (AOGPE). Certification levels range from Associate to Fellow, with each level requiring a combination of coursework, supervised practicum, and demonstration of competency.
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