Os hyoideum

Os Hyoideum is a unique bone situated in the anatomical region of the neck. Unlike other bones, it does not articulate directly with any other bone, but is suspended in place by a series of muscles and ligaments. The os hyoideum, or simply the hyoid bone, plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including respiration, swallowing, and speech.

Structure

The os hyoideum is a U-shaped bone located at the base of the tongue and above the thyroid cartilage. It consists of a central part known as the body, and three projections: two greater cornua extending laterally and one lesser cornua projecting upwards. The body of the hyoid bone provides attachment to several muscles that aid in the movement of the tongue and the larynx.

Function

The primary function of the os hyoideum is to provide a movable base for the tongue and to aid in tongue movement during speech and swallowing. It also serves as an attachment point for muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis, playing a crucial role in maintaining open airways during respiration.

Clinical Significance

In forensic medicine, the os hyoideum is often examined in cases of suspected strangulation or hanging, as it can fracture under pressure. However, the absence of a fracture does not necessarily rule out these causes of death, as the bone's mobility can sometimes prevent it from breaking.

See Also

• Bone
• Neck
• Tongue
• Larynx
• Pharynx
• Epiglottis