Ossein

Ossein is the organic component of the bone, which forms the matrix of the bone structure. It is primarily composed of collagen, a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate, a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone strong and flexible enough to withstand stress.

Composition

Ossein is composed of approximately 90% collagen by dry weight, with the remainder being non-collagenous proteins, lipids, and other components. The collagen in ossein is primarily type I collagen, which is the most abundant type of collagen in the human body. This collagen forms a fibrous network that provides the structural framework for the bone.

Function

The primary function of ossein is to provide the structural framework for the bone. This framework is then mineralized with calcium phosphate to form the hard, rigid structure that we recognize as bone. In addition to providing structural support, ossein also plays a role in bone remodeling, the process by which old bone is broken down and new bone is formed. This process is crucial for maintaining the strength and integrity of the bone.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the composition or structure of ossein can lead to various bone disorders. For example, osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as brittle bone disease, is caused by a mutation in the genes that produce collagen. This results in bones that are weak and break easily. Similarly, osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, which can be caused by a decrease in the production of ossein.

See also

• Bone
• Collagen
• Calcium phosphate
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Osteoporosis