Ossifying fibroma

Ossifying Fibroma Ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that primarily affects the jawbones, particularly the mandible. It is characterized by the replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue and varying amounts of calcified material. This condition is most commonly diagnosed in young adults and can lead to facial asymmetry and other complications if not treated.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with ossifying fibroma typically present with a painless swelling in the jaw, which may lead to facial asymmetry. In some cases, the lesion can cause displacement of teeth or resorption of the roots. The growth is usually slow, but it can become quite large if left untreated.

Pathophysiology

Ossifying fibroma is classified as a fibro-osseous lesion, which means it involves the replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue and mineralized material. The exact cause of ossifying fibroma is not well understood, but it is thought to arise from the periodontal ligament or other mesenchymal cells capable of forming bone and fibrous tissue.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ossifying fibroma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and histopathological analysis. Radiographs often show a well-defined, radiolucent lesion with varying degrees of radiopacity due to the presence of calcified material. A biopsy is usually required to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate it from other similar conditions such as fibrous dysplasia or cemento-ossifying fibroma.

Treatment

The primary treatment for ossifying fibroma is surgical excision. The extent of surgery depends on the size and location of the lesion. In some cases, conservative curettage may be sufficient, while in others, more extensive resection may be necessary to prevent recurrence. Regular follow-up is important to monitor for any signs of recurrence.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with ossifying fibroma is generally good, especially when the lesion is completely excised. Recurrence is possible, particularly if the lesion is not fully removed, but it is relatively uncommon.

Differential Diagnosis

Ossifying fibroma should be differentiated from other fibro-osseous lesions such as:

• Fibrous Dysplasia
• Cemento-ossifying Fibroma
• Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor

See Also

• Fibro-osseous Lesions
• Benign Bone Tumors
• Neville, B. W., Damm, D. D., Allen, C. M., & Bouquot, J. E. (2009). Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Waldron, C. A. (1993). Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 51(8), 828-835.

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Ossifying fibroma

Ossifying fibroma is a rare disease.