Ossuary

Zoroastrian ossuary, 7th-8th century CE, Hirman Tepe, Uzbekistan

Ossuary inscription shalam zion

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Ossuaries of Jesus son of Joseph and more

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San Bernardino ossuary 2

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Köln st ursula goldene kammer02

GreekOssuaries

Ossuary is a site, building, well, or container where human bones are stored. Ossuaries are often used when burial space is scarce. A body is first buried in a temporary grave, then after some years, the skeletal remains are moved to an ossuary. The practice of relocating bones into ossuaries has been common in many cultures throughout history.

History

The use of ossuaries can be traced back to the Neolithic period, with evidence of these practices found in the archaeological record. In the Jewish tradition, ossuaries were used from around 1000 BCE until the 1st century CE, particularly in the Second Temple Period. These ancient Jewish ossuaries were often small boxes made of stone or wood, designed to hold the bones of a single individual. The early Christian communities in the Roman Empire also adopted this practice, especially during times of persecution when discreet burial methods were necessary.

In Europe, the practice became widespread in the Middle Ages, particularly in areas where the Catholic Church held sway. The Catacombs of Paris, an underground ossuary in France, is a notable example, holding the remains of over six million people. This was created to alleviate the overcrowding in Parisian cemeteries.

Cultural Significance

Ossuaries have various cultural significances depending on the region and religion. In many cultures, they are considered sacred places that respect the dead and are often associated with rituals and ceremonies. The Sedlec Ossuary in the Czech Republic, for example, is a famous site where bones have been artistically arranged to form decorations and furnishings for the chapel.

Modern Use

Today, the use of ossuaries has declined in many parts of the world due to changes in burial practices and the availability of land for cemeteries. However, they are still used in some cultures and religions, reflecting a continued respect for ancestral bones and a practical approach to burial space.

Controversies

The use of ossuaries has sometimes led to controversies, especially when they involve the relocation of remains without consent from descendants. Ethical debates also arise regarding the handling and display of human bones, particularly in tourist attractions.

See Also

• Catacombs
• Crypt
• Mausoleum
• Cremation

Ossuary Resources
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