PICALM

PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein) is a protein encoded by the PICALM gene in humans. It plays a crucial role in the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is essential for the internalization of various molecules into cells. PICALM is also implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.

Function

PICALM is involved in the formation of clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane, which are necessary for the endocytosis of receptors and other molecules. It interacts with clathrin and adaptor protein complexes to facilitate the assembly of clathrin coats. This process is vital for the regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons, which is crucial for neurotransmission.

Clinical Significance

PICALM has been associated with Alzheimer's disease through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Variants in the PICALM gene have been linked to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's, suggesting that PICALM may play a role in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder. The exact mechanism by which PICALM influences Alzheimer's disease is still under investigation, but it is thought to involve its role in endocytosis and synaptic function.

Research

Research on PICALM is ongoing to better understand its function in cellular processes and its involvement in disease. Studies are exploring how PICALM variants affect protein function and contribute to disease risk. Additionally, PICALM is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions.

Also see

• Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
• Alzheimer's disease
• Synaptic vesicle
• Genome-wide association study