PPP3R1

Ideogram human chromosome 2

Protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, alpha (PPP3R1) is a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 3 (PPP3) enzyme. This protein is encoded by the PPP3R1 gene located on chromosome 2q37.3. PPP3R1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of various cellular processes by modulating the activity of PPP3, also known as calcineurin.

Function

PPP3R1 functions as a regulatory subunit that binds to the catalytic subunit of PPP3, forming a complex that is involved in the dephosphorylation of target proteins. This dephosphorylation process is essential for the regulation of signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and immune response.

Structure

The PPP3R1 protein consists of multiple domains that are responsible for its interactions with other proteins and its regulatory functions. These domains include the calcineurin-binding domain, the calmodulin-binding domain, and the autoinhibitory domain. The interaction between PPP3R1 and PPP3 is mediated through these domains, leading to the activation of the phosphatase activity of PPP3.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the PPP3R1 gene have been associated with certain human diseases, including autoimmune disorders and neurological conditions. Dysregulation of the PPP3R1-PPP3 complex can disrupt normal cellular signaling pathways, leading to pathological conditions.

Interactions

PPP3R1 interacts with various proteins and molecules in the cell, including PPP3 itself, calmodulin, and other regulatory subunits of PPP3. These interactions are crucial for the proper functioning of the PPP3 complex and its downstream signaling pathways.