Pacemaker (running)

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Pacemaker (on the left) at London Marathon 2014

Pacemaker (running)

A pacemaker or pace setter in the context of running is an individual with the role of setting the pace for a runner or group of runners, helping them to achieve a specific goal time in a race or training session. Pacemakers are commonly used in long-distance events such as marathons, half marathons, and track events, ranging from 800 meters to 10,000 meters. The primary objective of a pacemaker is to ensure a consistent and even pace that aligns with the target finish time or record attempt, thereby assisting elite athletes in maximizing their performance and increasing the likelihood of achieving personal bests or world records.

Role and Importance

The role of a pacemaker is crucial in competitive running, as they help to regulate the speed of the race, preventing a slow start or too fast an outset that could lead to early fatigue among the competitors. By maintaining a predetermined pace, pacemakers help runners to conserve energy and remain focused on their race strategy without the need to constantly check their pace. In record attempt races, pacemakers are especially important, as they help to break the air resistance, allowing the main competitor to draft behind them, which can significantly reduce the energy expenditure of the runner aiming for the record.

Types of Pacemakers

There are several types of pacemakers, including: - Lead pacemakers, who set the pace from the start of the race. - Intermediate pacemakers, who take over from the lead pacemaker at a certain point to maintain the pace. - Finish pacemakers, although less common, who join the race towards the end to help runners finish strong.

Selection and Strategy

Pacemakers are typically selected based on their ability to maintain a consistent pace and their familiarity with the race distance. They are often experienced runners or athletes who have a deep understanding of race dynamics and pacing strategies. The strategy for using pacemakers varies depending on the goals of the race and the athletes involved. In some cases, multiple pacemakers may be used in stages to maintain the pace throughout the race.

Controversies and Challenges

The use of pacemakers is not without its controversies. Some purists argue that the use of pacemakers detracts from the individual challenge and strategy of racing, making records achieved with their assistance less commendable. Additionally, the pacing in some races can be misjudged, leading to early burnout for the runners or failing to achieve the desired outcome.

Notable Instances

Notable instances where pacemakers have played a key role include world record attempts and major marathons where athletes have aimed to break significant time barriers. One of the most famous examples is the Breaking2 project by Nike, where a team of pacemakers was used in an attempt to break the two-hour barrier for the marathon.