Pancreatic stellate cell

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are star-shaped cells found in the pancreas, specifically in the areas of the organ known as the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. They play a crucial role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic cancer, two of the most serious conditions affecting the pancreas.

Structure

PSCs are characterized by their star-like shape and the presence of long, slender cytoplasmic processes that extend from the cell body. They are located in close proximity to acinar cells and pancreatic ductal cells, which are the primary cell types in the exocrine pancreas.

Function

Under normal physiological conditions, PSCs are in a quiescent state, characterized by the storage of vitamin A in lipid droplets. However, in response to pancreatic injury or inflammation, PSCs become activated. This activation leads to a loss of the vitamin A stores and a transformation into myofibroblast-like cells.

Activated PSCs produce large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen and fibronectin, which contribute to the fibrotic response in the pancreas. They also secrete various cytokines and growth factors that can promote inflammation and cell proliferation.

Role in Disease

PSCs are implicated in the pathogenesis of several pancreatic diseases. In chronic pancreatitis, the persistent activation of PSCs leads to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in fibrosis. Similarly, in pancreatic cancer, PSCs contribute to the dense, fibrotic stroma that is a hallmark of this disease. They also promote tumor growth and metastasis through the secretion of various growth factors and cytokines.

Research

Given their central role in pancreatic fibrosis and cancer, PSCs are a major focus of research. Current efforts are aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PSC activation and identifying therapeutic strategies to inhibit this process.

See Also

• Pancreas
• Pancreatic cancer
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Fibrosis