Parallel evolution

Parallel Evolution

Parallel evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral condition. It occurs when different species have similar changes in their evolution over time, despite being relatively unrelated. This phenomenon is often seen in species that have similar ecological roles and pressures.

Overview

Parallel evolution is a type of convergent evolution where the evolved traits are not only similar but also derived from a similar ancestral condition. It is a concept in evolutionary biology that is closely related to convergent evolution and divergent evolution.

Examples

There are numerous examples of parallel evolution. For instance, the marsupials of Australia have a number of striking similarities to placental mammals elsewhere in the world. Another example is the evolution of flight in bats and birds, which evolved independently but resulted in similar adaptations.

Factors Influencing Parallel Evolution

Several factors can influence parallel evolution, including genetic factors, environmental factors, and selective pressures.

Genetic Factors

Genetic factors can play a significant role in parallel evolution. For example, if two species share a common ancestor, they may have similar genetic material that can lead to the development of similar traits over time.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors can also influence parallel evolution. If two species live in similar environments, they may face similar challenges and pressures, leading to the development of similar adaptations.

Selective Pressures

Selective pressures, such as predation or competition for resources, can also drive parallel evolution. If two species face similar pressures, they may develop similar adaptations to cope with these pressures.

See Also

• Convergent evolution
• Divergent evolution
• Evolutionary biology

References

Parallel evolution Resources
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