Paranephrops

Paranephrops

Paranephrops is a genus of freshwater crayfish endemic to New Zealand. The genus contains two species, Paranephrops planifrons and Paranephrops zealandicus, commonly known as the North Island koura and South Island koura, respectively.

Taxonomy

The genus Paranephrops is part of the family Parastacidae, which includes all the southern hemisphere crayfish. The two species of Paranephrops are distinguished by their geographical distribution and minor morphological differences.

Description

Paranephrops species are medium-sized crayfish, typically reaching a total length of 120–150 mm. They have a robust, spiny exoskeleton and two large, powerful claws. The coloration of Paranephrops varies from dark green to brown, providing excellent camouflage in their freshwater habitats.

Distribution and habitat

Paranephrops species are found throughout New Zealand, with P. planifrons occurring in the North Island and P. zealandicus in the South Island. They inhabit a wide range of freshwater environments, including lakes, rivers, and streams.

Ecology and behavior

Paranephrops are nocturnal and spend the day hiding under rocks or in burrows. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of plant material, invertebrates, and detritus. Paranephrops are an important food source for a number of native and introduced species in New Zealand.

Conservation

Both species of Paranephrops are considered to be at risk due to habitat loss, pollution, and overharvesting. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat protection and public education about the importance of these species to New Zealand's freshwater ecosystems.

See also

• Astacidae
• Crayfish
• Freshwater crustaceans of New Zealand