Parapet

Kyrenia 01-2017 img07 Castle bastion

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Parapet is a barrier which is an extension of the wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The primary purpose of a parapet is to protect the edges of a roof against falls from any height. Historically, parapets were used in military architecture to defend buildings from attackers. Over time, their use has evolved, and they are now incorporated into the architectural design for aesthetic purposes, as well as for safety and privacy.

History

The origin of parapets can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where they were initially constructed for military purposes. Medieval castles featured parapets with crenellations, which provided cover for archers and soldiers. These defensive structures were designed with gaps (merlons) for shooting and were raised to protect the defenders standing behind them. In the Renaissance period, the architectural focus shifted towards the aesthetic appeal of buildings, leading to the evolution of parapet designs that were more decorative.

Types of Parapets

Parapets can vary in design, depending on their intended purpose and the architectural style of the building. Some common types include:

• Solid Parapets: These are continuous walls without openings, providing privacy and protection from the elements.
• Perforated or Embattled Parapets: Featuring a series of gaps or indentations, these parapets are often used for decorative purposes, echoing historical designs.
• Paneled Parapets: These have sections that are recessed or raised, creating a pattern or design along the edge of the roof.
• Glass Parapets: Made of glass, these provide safety without obstructing views, commonly used in modern architecture.

Construction and Materials

Parapets are constructed from various materials, including stone, brick, concrete, metal, and glass. The choice of material typically depends on the building's overall design, structural requirements, and budget. In modern construction, parapets must comply with building codes and standards, which dictate their height, strength, and resistance to fire and wind.

Safety and Building Codes

In many jurisdictions, building codes require the installation of parapets on rooftops, balconies, and terraces to prevent falls. The specific requirements for parapet height and design vary, but they generally need to be high enough to protect people from accidentally falling over the edge. Additionally, parapets play a crucial role in fire safety by preventing the spread of flames across roof surfaces.

Architectural Significance

Beyond their practical functions, parapets contribute to the architectural character of buildings. They can be designed to complement the overall style of a structure, whether it is modern, traditional, or historical. Architects often use parapets to enhance the silhouette of a building, create visual interest, and define its skyline.

Maintenance

Regular maintenance of parapets is essential to ensure their durability and effectiveness. Inspections should be carried out periodically to check for signs of wear and damage, such as cracks, erosion, or loose components. Maintenance tasks may include repairing damaged parts, cleaning, and applying protective coatings to prevent water infiltration and weather damage.