Parasympathomimetics

Parasympathomimetics are a class of drugs that mimic or enhance the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). They are also known as cholinergic drugs because they work by increasing the levels of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, in the body.

Mechanism of Action

Parasympathomimetics work by either directly stimulating the cholinergic receptor or by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse. This results in an increase in acetylcholine activity, which in turn stimulates the PNS.

Uses

Parasympathomimetics are used in a variety of medical conditions. They are used to treat glaucoma, a condition that increases pressure in the eye, by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. They are also used to treat myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease, by increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Other uses include the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, dry mouth, and certain types of urinary incontinence.

Side Effects

The side effects of parasympathomimetics are generally due to overstimulation of the PNS. These can include bradycardia, excessive salivation, bronchoconstriction, and increased intestinal motility. In severe cases, they can cause a cholinergic crisis, which is a medical emergency.

Examples

Examples of parasympathomimetics include pilocarpine, which is used to treat glaucoma, and donepezil, which is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Other examples include bethanechol, edrophonium, and neostigmine.

Parasympathomimetics Resources
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