Parkinson-plus syndrome

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Parkinson-plus syndrome
Synonyms Atypical parkinsonism
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, additional neurological symptoms
Complications N/A
Onset Typically after age 50
Duration Progressive
Types Multiple system atrophy, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Corticobasal degeneration, Dementia with Lewy bodies
Causes Unknown, possibly genetic and environmental factors
Risks Age, family history
Diagnosis Clinical evaluation, MRI, PET scan
Differential diagnosis Parkinson's disease, Essential tremor, Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Prevention N/A
Treatment Levodopa, dopamine agonists, physical therapy, occupational therapy
Medication N/A
Prognosis Variable, generally poorer than Parkinson's disease
Frequency Rare compared to Parkinson's disease
Deaths N/A


Parkinson-plus syndrome is a group of neurological disorders that share features with Parkinson's disease, but have additional symptoms and a more rapid progression. These disorders include Multiple system atrophy (MSA), Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of Parkinson-plus syndromes are similar to those of Parkinson's disease, including bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity (stiffness), and tremor. However, these disorders also have additional symptoms that are not typically seen in Parkinson's disease. These can include problems with balance and coordination, difficulty swallowing, changes in speech, and cognitive impairment.

Causes[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of Parkinson-plus syndromes is unknown, but they are thought to be related to the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain. These proteins can damage nerve cells and lead to the symptoms of the disease.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of Parkinson-plus syndromes can be challenging, as the symptoms can be similar to those of other neurological disorders. Doctors may use a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests to make a diagnosis.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

There is currently no cure for Parkinson-plus syndromes, but treatments can help manage symptoms. These may include medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery.

See also[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD