Patatavirales

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Patatavirales
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Kitrinoviricota
Class:	Flasuviricetes
Order:	Patatavirales
Family:	'

Patatavirales is an order of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the class Flasuviricetes within the phylum Kitrinoviricota. This order includes viruses that primarily infect plants, causing significant agricultural impact due to their ability to infect a wide range of economically important crops.

Taxonomy

The order Patatavirales is divided into several families, the most notable of which are:

• Potyviridae: This is the largest family within the order and includes many well-known plant viruses such as the Potato virus Y and Turnip mosaic virus. Members of this family are characterized by their flexuous filamentous virions and their ability to be transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner.

• Tritimoviridae: This family includes viruses that infect cereal crops, such as Wheat streak mosaic virus. These viruses are typically transmitted by mites and can cause significant yield losses in affected crops.

Genome and Replication

Viruses in the order Patatavirales have a single-stranded RNA genome of positive polarity. The genome is typically monopartite, meaning it is composed of a single RNA molecule. The genome encodes a large polyprotein that is cleaved by viral proteases into functional proteins necessary for replication and assembly.

Replication occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary negative-sense RNA strand, which serves as a template for the production of new positive-sense RNA genomes. These genomes are then packaged into new virions, which are released to infect neighboring cells.

Transmission and Epidemiology

Patatavirales viruses are primarily transmitted by insect vectors, such as aphids and mites, although some can also be transmitted mechanically through plant sap. The mode of transmission is often non-persistent, meaning the virus does not replicate within the vector but is acquired and transmitted during feeding.

The wide host range and efficient transmission mechanisms of these viruses make them significant agricultural pests. Control measures often include the use of resistant plant varieties, vector control, and cultural practices to reduce the spread of the virus.

Impact on Agriculture

Viruses in the order Patatavirales are responsible for a variety of plant diseases that can lead to reduced crop yields and quality. For example, Potato virus Y is a major pathogen of potato crops worldwide, causing symptoms such as mosaic patterns on leaves, leaf drop, and tuber necrosis.

Also see

• Potyviridae
• Tritimoviridae
• Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
• Plant virus
• Virus transmission