Treatment of human lice

Scene of delousing

LouseBuster device

The delousing

Louse nits

Lice infestations in humans are caused by three main types of lice: head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), and pubic lice (Pthirus pubis). These ectoparasites are highly specialized and have evolved to inhabit specific parts of the human body. Effective treatment requires an understanding of the life cycle of lice, the differences between the types of lice, and the various treatment options available.

Types of Human Lice

• Head Lice: These lice are found on the scalp, neck, and behind the ears. They feed on human blood several times a day and lay their eggs (nits) on hair shafts.
• Body Lice: These lice live in clothing and only move to the skin to feed. They are associated with unwashed clothing and poor hygiene. Body lice can spread diseases like typhus.
• Pubic Lice: Also known as "crabs," these lice inhabit the coarse hair of the pubic region, but can also be found in armpit hair and eyebrows.

Treatment Options

Treatment of lice infestations focuses on killing the lice and their eggs, and may involve a combination of mechanical removal and chemical treatments.

Mechanical Removal

• Combing: A fine-toothed comb, often called a nit comb, is used to remove lice and nits from the hair. This method is most effective for head lice and requires patience and diligence.
• Shaving: Removing hair from the affected area can effectively eliminate lice and nits. This method is more commonly used for pubic lice.

Chemical Treatments

• Pediculicides: Over-the-counter and prescription medications that kill lice. Examples include permethrin, pyrethrin, and malathion. It's important to follow the application instructions carefully and to check for any potential allergic reactions.
• Oral Medications: In some cases, oral medications like ivermectin may be prescribed, especially if topical treatments are ineffective.

Environmental Control

• Washing: Clothing, bedding, and towels used by the infested person should be washed in hot water and dried on a high heat setting to kill any lice or nits.
• Sealing: Items that cannot be washed (e.g., stuffed animals) should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks to ensure any lice or nits are dead.

Prevention

Preventing lice infestations involves regular hygiene practices, avoiding sharing personal items like hats and combs, and regular checks for lice, especially in children.

Resistance

Some lice populations have developed resistance to common pediculicides. In such cases, alternative treatments or combinations of treatments may be necessary.