Peer review process

Peer review process is an evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility. In academia, peer review is used to inform in decisions related to faculty advancement and tenure. Henry Oldenburg (1619–1677) was a British philosopher who is seen as the 'father' of modern scientific peer review.

Process

The peer review process involves the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competences as the producers of the work (peers). It constitutes a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.

Types of peer review

There are several types of peer review including:

• Single-blind peer review: The names of the reviewers are hidden from the author.
• Double-blind peer review: Both the reviewer and the author are anonymous.
• Open peer review: Authors and reviewers are aware of each other’s identity.

Criticisms

Despite its wide application and perceived importance, the peer review process has attracted criticism over its effectiveness and reliability. Critics argue that peer review can lead to bias in academia, slow the dissemination of research, and be prone to abuse.

See also

• Scientific method
• Scholarly method
• Academic publishing
• Scientific literature
• Academic journal

References

Peer review process Resources
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