Pemmican Proclamation

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Pemmican Proclamation was a significant historical decree issued in 1814 by Miles Macdonell, the governor of the Red River Colony, a settlement of the Hudson's Bay Company in what is now Manitoba, Canada. The proclamation aimed to control the export of pemmican, a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food, particularly by the fur trade workers and Indigenous peoples in North America.

Background

The Red River Colony was established in a region that was crucial for the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company, both major players in the fur trade. The area was also inhabited by the Métis, a community of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry, who were skilled hunters and played a vital role in the local economy, particularly in the production and trade of pemmican.

Pemmican was made from lean, dried meat (usually bison, elk, or deer) which was ground into powder and mixed with melted fat and sometimes berries. This mixture was then packed into bags made of animal hide, creating a high-energy food source that could be stored for extended periods. It was an essential supply for fur traders and explorers on long journeys across the North American wilderness.

The Proclamation

Facing shortages of food for the settlers, Governor Macdonell issued the Pemmican Proclamation on January 8, 1814. The decree forbade the export of pemmican from the Red River Colony for one year. Macdonell aimed to ensure that the colony had sufficient food supplies, but the proclamation had significant economic implications for the Métis and the North West Company, both heavily reliant on the pemmican trade.

Consequences

The Pemmican Proclamation led to increased tensions between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company, exacerbating the economic rivalry and competition for control over the fur trade in the region. It also strained relations with the Métis, who viewed the proclamation as a direct threat to their livelihood and way of life.

The conflict escalated into the Pemmican War, a series of armed confrontations between 1814 and 1821. The dispute was eventually resolved with the merger of the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company in 1821, which also led to improved relations with the Métis community.

Legacy

The Pemmican Proclamation is an important event in Canadian history, highlighting the early challenges of colonial governance, the economic importance of the fur trade, and the pivotal role of the Métis in the development of the Canadian West. It underscores the complexities of managing scarce resources in a burgeoning colonial economy and the often-overlooked contributions of Indigenous peoples and mixed-ancestry communities in shaping the history of North America.