Penicillium expansum

Penicillium expansum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium, which is known for its ability to produce mycotoxins that are harmful to humans and animals. It is one of the most common post-harvest pathogens, causing decay in a variety of fruits and vegetables.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Charles Thom in 1910. It belongs to the Ascomycota division, the largest division of fungi, which includes more than 64,000 species.

Morphology

The colonies of Penicillium expansum are fast-growing, reaching a diameter of 25 mm within a week. They are characterized by a velvety texture and a blue-green color. The conidia are smooth-walled and are produced in chains.

Ecology

Penicillium expansum is a saprophyte, meaning it obtains its nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter. It is commonly found in soil and on decaying plant material. It is also a common post-harvest pathogen, causing blue mold decay in a variety of fruits and vegetables, including apples, pears, and peaches.

Pathogenicity

Penicillium expansum produces several mycotoxins, including patulin, citrinin, and cyclopiazonic acid, which are harmful to humans and animals. These toxins can cause a variety of health problems, including nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, neurological disorders.

Control

Control of Penicillium expansum is primarily achieved through good agricultural practices, such as proper sanitation and the use of resistant cultivars. Chemical control, using fungicides, is also commonly used. However, the use of these chemicals has raised concerns about their impact on the environment and human health.

See also

• Penicillium roqueforti
• Penicillium chrysogenum
• Blue mold