Peoria State Hospital

Peoria State Hospital, also known as Bartonville State Hospital or the Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane, was a psychiatric hospital located in Bartonville, Illinois. It was notable for its progressive approach to the treatment of mental illness under the direction of Dr. George Zeller. The hospital's history reflects the evolution of psychiatric care in the United States from the late 19th century through its closure in 1973.

History

The Peoria State Hospital was established in 1902, following the cottage plan, which was a radical departure from the large, prison-like asylums of the era. This plan emphasized smaller, more homelike structures that were believed to offer a more therapeutic environment for patients. The hospital grounds included over 40 buildings, including patient cottages, a store, a power plant, and a farm that provided both therapy and food for the patients.

Dr. George Zeller was appointed as the superintendent in 1902 and quickly implemented reforms that abolished the use of restraints and promoted occupational therapy, education, and recreational activities. Under his leadership, the hospital became a model for humane and progressive mental health care.

Treatment and Care

The treatment philosophy at Peoria State Hospital was ahead of its time. Dr. Zeller believed in treating patients with dignity and respect, which was reflected in the hospital's innovative practices. Patients were engaged in a variety of activities, including farming, crafts, music, and sports, which were considered essential for their rehabilitation.

The hospital also pioneered the use of occupational therapy and was one of the first institutions to recognize the therapeutic value of work and leisure in the treatment of mental illness. This approach contributed to a significant improvement in the condition of many patients and reduced the need for physical restraints.

Closure

Despite its successes, Peoria State Hospital faced challenges in the latter half of the 20th century. The advent of psychotropic medications and a shift towards outpatient treatment led to a decline in the patient population. Additionally, the hospital's facilities became outdated, and it struggled with funding issues.

In 1973, the state of Illinois decided to close the hospital as part of a broader move towards deinstitutionalization. The closure marked the end of an era in psychiatric care, but the legacy of Peoria State Hospital and Dr. Zeller's reforms continued to influence mental health treatment philosophies.

Legacy

Today, the Peoria State Hospital is remembered for its groundbreaking approach to mental health care. The hospital's buildings, many of which are still standing, have been repurposed for various uses, and the site is a popular location for historical tours and paranormal investigations.

The story of Peoria State Hospital is a testament to the progress in the understanding and treatment of mental illness. It serves as a reminder of the importance of compassion and innovation in the care of the mentally ill.

See Also

• History of psychiatry
• Occupational therapy
• Deinstitutionalization