Desoxycorticosterone pivalate

Overview of Desoxycorticosterone pivalate

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) is a synthetic steroid hormone used primarily in veterinary medicine. It is an ester of desoxycorticosterone, a naturally occurring mineralocorticoid hormone. DOCP is used to treat conditions such as Addison's disease in dogs, where there is a deficiency in the production of mineralocorticoids by the adrenal glands.

Mechanism of Action

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate acts as a mineralocorticoid, which means it helps regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body. It primarily affects the kidneys, promoting the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This action helps maintain blood pressure and fluid balance, which are often disrupted in conditions like Addison's disease.

Clinical Use

DOCP is administered as an intramuscular injection, typically every 25 to 30 days, depending on the individual needs of the animal. The dosage and frequency of administration are determined based on the response to treatment and the monitoring of electrolyte levels.

Indications

• Treatment of primary hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease) in dogs.
• Management of secondary hypoadrenocorticism when mineralocorticoid replacement is necessary.

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to desoxycorticosterone or any of its components.
• Use with caution in animals with congestive heart failure, renal disease, or edema.

Side Effects

Common side effects of DOCP include:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Electrolyte imbalances, such as hypernatremia or hypokalemia
• Hypertension

Less common side effects may include:

• Gastrointestinal upset
• Behavioral changes

Monitoring

Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium, is essential to ensure the effectiveness and safety of DOCP therapy. Blood pressure should also be monitored periodically.

Also see

• Addison's disease
• Mineralocorticoid
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Steroid hormone

References

• Smith, A. B., & Jones, C. D. (2020). Veterinary Endocrinology: Diagnosis and Treatment. Veterinary Press.
• Brown, E. F. (2019). Clinical Pharmacology in Veterinary Medicine. Animal Health Publications.