Pericles with the Corinthian helmet

Pericles with the Corinthian Helmet refers to the iconic representation of Pericles, a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the Golden Age of Athens. The period, specifically between the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, saw Athens reach its peak of cultural and political dominance. Pericles is often depicted wearing a Corinthian helmet, a type of helmet that was popular among Greek warriors during the 7th to 4th centuries BCE. This helmet, covering the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth, symbolized the martial spirit and leadership of Athens under Pericles' guidance.

Background

Pericles was born into a wealthy and influential family in Athens in 495 BCE. His father, Xanthippus, was a famous Athenian military commander, and his mother, Agariste, was a member of the powerful and culturally influential Alcmaeonidae family. Pericles' education was comprehensive, studying under some of the most prominent teachers of his time, including the musician Damon and the philosopher Anaxagoras. This education helped shape his views and policies, which would later guide Athens through its most prosperous era.

Political Career

Pericles entered Athenian politics in the early 460s BCE and soon became the leading politician by the 450s. His influence and policies led to the development of the Athenian Empire, promoting the arts, literature, and philosophy, and initiating the construction of the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, which remains a symbol of ancient Greek glory. His era is often referred to as the "Age of Pericles."

Military Leadership

As a military leader, Pericles was cautious and strategic, preferring to avoid direct land battles with the more powerful Spartan army during the Peloponnesian War. Instead, he relied on the superior Athenian navy to harass Spartan allies and maintain control over the Aegean Sea. His strategy, however, was met with mixed results and eventually contributed to the strain on Athens' resources.

Pericles and the Corinthian Helmet

The depiction of Pericles wearing a Corinthian helmet is more than a mere artistic choice; it symbolizes his role as a protector of Athens and a military leader. The Corinthian helmet, known for its extensive coverage and imposing appearance, was a fitting symbol for Pericles, who was often seen as the "helmet of Athens," safeguarding the city-state's interests and guiding it through the turbulent waters of Greek politics and warfare.

Legacy

Pericles' legacy is a complex one, marked by both his unparalleled contributions to the development of Athenian democracy, culture, and power, and the eventual downfall of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War. Despite the controversies surrounding his strategies and policies, his vision of Athens as a center of art, democracy, and philosophy has endured, influencing Western thought and culture for centuries.