Perinephric

Perinephric space

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Diagram showing the perinephric space surrounding the kidney
Latin	Spatium perinephricum
Nerve	Renal plexus
System	Urinary system

The perinephric space (also known as the perirenal space) is an anatomical compartment in the abdomen that surrounds the kidneys. It is an important area in the study of nephrology and urology, as well as in radiology and surgery.

Anatomy

The perinephric space is located in the retroperitoneal space, which is the part of the abdominal cavity situated behind the peritoneum. It is bounded by the renal fascia, which is a layer of connective tissue that encapsulates the kidneys and the surrounding fat.

Boundaries

• Anteriorly: The perinephric space is bounded by the anterior layer of the renal fascia, also known as Gerota's fascia.
• Posteriorly: It is bounded by the posterior layer of the renal fascia, also known as Zuckerkandl's fascia.
• Medially: The space is limited by the vertebral column and the psoas major muscle.
• Laterally: It extends to the lateral abdominal wall.

Contents

The perinephric space contains:

• The kidneys
• The adrenal glands
• Perinephric fat, which cushions and protects the kidneys
• The proximal portions of the ureters
• Blood vessels such as the renal artery and renal vein
• Lymphatics and nerves

Clinical Significance

The perinephric space is clinically significant for several reasons:

Perinephric Abscess

A perinephric abscess is a collection of pus in the perinephric space, often due to an infection that has spread from the kidney. Symptoms may include fever, flank pain, and tenderness. Diagnosis is typically made using imaging techniques such as CT scan or ultrasound. Treatment often involves antibiotics and drainage of the abscess.

Perinephric Hematoma

A perinephric hematoma is a collection of blood in the perinephric space, which can occur due to trauma, surgery, or spontaneously in conditions such as renal artery aneurysm. It may present with flank pain and a palpable mass. Management depends on the cause and severity of the hematoma.

Imaging

The perinephric space is often evaluated using imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques help in diagnosing conditions affecting the kidneys and surrounding structures.

Also see

• Kidney
• Renal fascia
• Retroperitoneal space
• Nephrology
• Urology