Periwinkle

Periwinkle (Vinca minor) is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia. The plant is also commonly known as lesser periwinkle or dwarf periwinkle. It has been introduced to North America and other regions, where it is often used as a ground cover in garden landscapes and is also known for its medicinal properties.

Description

Periwinkle is an evergreen perennial plant with a trailing vine that can spread over the ground and form dense mats. The leaves are opposite, simple, ½ to 2 inches long, glossy, and dark green. The flowers are violet to blue in color, occasionally white, with a five-petaled tube. The plant blooms from early spring to autumn.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally from parts of central and southern Europe, periwinkle has been widely naturalized elsewhere. It prefers shady areas and is commonly found in woodlands, hedgerows, and at the edges of forests. Due to its adaptability, it is also a popular choice for gardens and landscaping projects in various climates.

Cultivation

Periwinkle is cultivated for its ornamental value and its ability to cover ground, especially in shady areas where grass might struggle to grow. It is drought-tolerant once established and requires minimal care, making it a favored choice for low-maintenance gardens. However, in some regions, it is considered invasive and care should be taken to control its spread.

Medicinal Uses

The plant contains alkaloids, such as vincamine, which have been used in traditional medicine and are of interest for their potential pharmacological properties. Extracts from periwinkle have been studied for their potential in treating conditions like memory loss, circulatory disorders, and as a vasodilator. However, the use of periwinkle as a medicinal herb should be approached with caution, as it can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.

Toxicity

Periwinkle contains alkaloids that can be toxic to humans and animals if ingested in large amounts. Symptoms of periwinkle poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using periwinkle for medicinal purposes.

Conservation

While Vinca minor is not currently listed as a species at risk, its introduction into non-native habitats has raised concerns about its impact on local ecosystems. In some areas, it is considered an invasive species that can outcompete native flora.

See Also

• Apocynaceae
• Invasive species
• Medicinal plants
• Herbal medicine