Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are essential cellular structures involved in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances. They are found in virtually all eukaryotic cells and are particularly abundant in the liver and kidney.

Structure

Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles that vary in size and shape. They are composed of a single lipid bilayer that encloses the peroxisomal matrix, where the organelle's metabolic activities occur. The peroxisomal membrane contains proteins that are crucial for its function, including peroxins, which are involved in the biogenesis of peroxisomes.

Function

The primary function of peroxisomes is to break down long-chain fatty acids through a process called beta-oxidation. This process produces acetyl-CoA, which can be used in the citric acid cycle to generate energy. Peroxisomes also play a role in the synthesis of certain lipids, including plasmalogens, which are important components of cell membranes.

In addition to their metabolic functions, peroxisomes are involved in the detoxification of harmful substances. They contain enzymes such as catalase that break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of various metabolic processes, into water and oxygen.

Clinical significance

Defects in peroxisomal function can lead to a variety of diseases, collectively known as peroxisomal disorders. These include Zellweger syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. These conditions are typically characterized by neurological abnormalities, impaired growth, and other serious health problems.

See also

• Lysosome
• Mitochondrion
• Endoplasmic reticulum

References

Peroxisomes Resources
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