Pertussis toxin

Pertussis Toxin is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough. This toxin is one of the major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of whooping cough.

Structure

Pertussis Toxin is a hexameric protein complex with a molecular weight of approximately 105,000 Daltons. It consists of one A subunit (S1) and five B subunits (S2-S5). The A subunit possesses the enzymatic activity, while the B subunits are responsible for binding to the host cell.

Function

The primary function of Pertussis Toxin is to facilitate the entry of Bordetella pertussis into the host organism. It does this by disabling the host's immune system, allowing the bacterium to establish an infection. The toxin achieves this by ADP-ribosylation of the αi subunits of the host's G proteins, which inhibits the G proteins' ability to interact with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell membrane.

Clinical significance

Pertussis Toxin is a major virulence factor in whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is particularly dangerous for infants and young children. The toxin's ability to disable the host's immune system allows Bordetella pertussis to establish an infection and cause disease.

See also

• Bordetella pertussis
• Whooping cough
• Exotoxin
• G protein-coupled receptor

Pertussis toxin Resources
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