Phacelia

Phacelia tanacetifolia 7735

Phacelia argentea 3

Phacelia bicolor trumpets

Phaceliacalifornica

Phacelia congesta

Phacelia distans 7904

Phacelia is a genus of flowering plants in the Boraginaceae family, which is known for its diverse and often strikingly beautiful species. The genus includes over 200 species, many of which are native to North and South America. Phacelia species are commonly referred to as "scorpionweeds" or "heliotropes" due to the characteristic coiling of their inflorescences and their tendency to turn towards the sun, respectively.

Description

Phacelia species vary greatly in size, habit, and appearance, but most share certain common features. They typically have hairy, often sticky, leaves and stems, with the hairs sometimes causing skin irritation in sensitive individuals. The flowers of Phacelia are usually blue to purple, but can also be white, pink, or yellow, and are often arranged in a distinctive coiled pattern along the inflorescence. This coiling pattern is one of the genus's most recognizable features.

Habitat and Distribution

Phacelia species are found in a wide range of habitats, from deserts and mountainous areas to forests and grasslands. They are predominantly found in the western United States and Mexico, but some species are native to South America, and others have been introduced to various parts of the world as ornamentals or cover crops.

Ecology

Phacelia species play an important role in their ecosystems as sources of nectar and pollen for a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Some species, such as Phacelia tanacetifolia, are specifically planted in agricultural settings to attract pollinators and beneficial insects. Additionally, Phacelia species can act as pioneer plants in disturbed soils, helping to stabilize and enrich the soil with organic matter.

Uses

While most commonly appreciated for their ornamental value in gardens and natural landscapes, some Phacelia species are used in agriculture as cover crops. They are valued for their ability to suppress weeds, prevent soil erosion, and enhance soil fertility through the addition of organic matter. Phacelia tanacetifolia, in particular, is widely used for these purposes.

Conservation

The conservation status of Phacelia species varies widely. While many species are common and not considered at risk, others are rare and face threats from habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts for these species include habitat protection, seed banking, and restoration projects.

Selected Species

• Phacelia campanularia – California Bluebell
• Phacelia crenulata – Notch-leaved Phacelia
• Phacelia tanacetifolia – Lacy Phacelia
• Phacelia minor – Wild Canterbury Bells

See Also

• Boraginaceae
• Cover crop
• Pollinator