Phallus impudicus

Phallus impudicus, commonly known as the stinkhorn, is a widespread fungus recognizable for its foul odor and phallic shape when mature. It is a common mushroom in Europe and North America, where it occurs in habitats rich in wood debris such as forests and mulched gardens. It appears from summer to late autumn. The fruiting structure is tall and white with a slimy, dark olive colored conical head. Known as the gleba, this material contains the spores, and is transported by insects which are attracted by the odor, described as resembling carrion.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, who included it in his Species Plantarum. The specific epithet impudicus is derived from the Latin for "shameless" or "immodest". It is the type species of the genus Phallus.

Description

The fruiting body of P. impudicus begins as a suberumpent egg attached to the mycelium by a cord. As it matures, the egg ruptures and the fruiting body emerges, growing to a height of 10–20 cm. The cap is initially covered with the olive-colored gleba, but this is eventually removed by insects, leaving a white, pitted surface.

Ecology and distribution

P. impudicus is saprobic, feeding off decaying wood and plant material. It is found throughout Europe and North America, and has been introduced to Australia, New Zealand, and Asia. The fungus is often found in habitats rich in wood debris such as forests and mulched gardens.

Edibility

While not generally considered edible due to its strong odor, the immature 'eggs' can be consumed and have a radish-like flavor.

Cultural significance

The distinctive shape and foul odor of P. impudicus have made it a frequent subject of art and literature, and it has been used in traditional medicine in some cultures.

See also

• List of Phallus species
• Mushroom hunting