Phallus impudicus

Species of fungus in the family Phallaceae

Mature fruiting body of Phallus impudicus

Phallus impudicus, commonly known as the common stinkhorn, is a species of fungus in the family Phallaceae. It is notable for its foul odor, which is often compared to that of rotting flesh. This odor attracts insects, which help disperse its spores. The species is found across Europe and North America, typically in woodlands and gardens.

Description

Phallus impudicus is characterized by its distinctive fruiting body, which emerges from an egg-like structure known as a gleba. The immature fruiting body, or "egg," is typically 3–6 cm in diameter and is white to pale brown in color. As it matures, the fruiting body rapidly elongates, reaching heights of 10–25 cm.

The mature fruiting body consists of a spongy, hollow stalk topped with a bell-shaped cap. The cap is covered with a slimy, olive-brown spore mass that emits the characteristic odor. This spore mass is known as the gleba, and it is this part of the fungus that attracts insects.

Immature fruiting body, or "egg," of Phallus impudicus

Ecology

Phallus impudicus is a saprobic fungus, meaning it derives nutrients from decaying organic matter. It is commonly found in deciduous and mixed forests, often growing in leaf litter or on rotting wood. The fungus plays an important role in the ecosystem by breaking down organic material and recycling nutrients.

The strong odor of the gleba attracts flies and other insects, which feed on the spore mass. As these insects move from one location to another, they inadvertently disperse the spores, aiding in the reproduction of the fungus.

Edibility

While the mature fruiting body of Phallus impudicus is not considered edible due to its unpleasant odor and taste, the immature "egg" stage is sometimes consumed. The "egg" is said to have a mild, radish-like flavor and is eaten in some European countries. However, caution is advised, as it can be easily confused with other, potentially toxic species.

Cultural Significance

The striking appearance and odor of Phallus impudicus have made it a subject of fascination and folklore. In some cultures, it is associated with fertility and virility due to its phallic shape. The species name "impudicus" means "shameless" in Latin, reflecting its bold and conspicuous form.

Related pages

• Fungi
• Mycology
• Saprobic fungi
• Phallaceae