Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

About a dozen countries and about 20 cities around the world have proposed banning the future sale of passenger vehicles powered by fossil fuels such as gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas and diesel. These include India, China (the largest auto market globally), Japan (the third largest auto market globally) that has comprehensive plans for a "hydrogen economy" by 2040[1], South Korea, Taiwan, also the EU auto market nations of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal, as well as Costa Rica in Central America. The intent to ban vehicles powered by fossil fuels is attractive to governments as it offers simpler target compliance[2] as it is focused on a specific industry, compared with a more encompassing carbon tax or phase-out of fossil fuels.[3] The automotive industry is working to introduce electrified vehicles to adapt to bans [4] with varying success. A partial ban enacted in 2012 by California, requiring that 15% of new vehicles offered for sale between 2018 and 2025 must be Zero Emission Vehicles ZEVs) in order for the automaker to sell any vehicles in the state, has yielded 8% compliance.[5]

Motivation[edit | edit source]

Reasons for banning further sale of fossil fueled vehicles include to meet national climate targets under international agreements such as the Kyoto Accord and the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon emissions that cause climate change, energy independence, or health risk due to local emissions.

Scope[edit | edit source]

The banning of fossil fuels vehicles has a defined scope and is generally applied in the form of a legislated decision to restrict further sales or registration of new vehicles powered with specific fuels from a future date. At the date of implementation current vehicles would still be registrable. As at 2017, most bans are over 10 years into the future and are not yet legislated.

References in mainstream media to these bans also use terms or phrases like "banning gas cars",[6] "banning ICE cars" (internal combustion engine), or "banning petrol cars"[7].

Jurisdictions with planned fossil-fuel vehicle bans[edit | edit source]

Countries[edit | edit source]

Country Ban announced Ban commences Scope Selectivity
 China 


|| 2017 || no date set[8]|| Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 Costa Rica 


|| 2018 || 2021[9] || Gasoline or diesel || All vehicles
 Denmark 


|| 2019 || 2030[10] || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 France 


|| 2017 || 2040[11] || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 Iceland 


|| 2018 || 2030[12] || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales, followed by incremental phase-out of existing ICE vehicle registrations.
 India 


|| 2017 ||2030[13] (plans revoked)[14][15]||Gasoline or diesel||New vehicle sales
 Ireland 


|| 2018 || 2030[16] || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 Israel 


|| 2018 || 2030[17] || Gasoline or diesel || Imported vehicles
 Netherlands 


|| 2017 || 2030[18] || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 Norway 


|| 2017 || 2025[19] || Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 United Kingdom 


|| 2017 || 2040 – England, Wales, Northern Ireland[20]
2032 – Scotland[21]|| Gasoline or diesel || New vehicle sales
 Sri Lanka 


|| 2017 || 2040[22]|| Gasoline or diesel || All vehicles
 Sweden


2018 2030[23] Gasoline or diesel New vehicle sales

Cities and territories[edit | edit source]

Some cities listed have signed the Fossil Fuel Free Streets Declaration, committing to ban emitting vehicles by 2030,[24] but this does not necessarily have force of law in those jurisdictions.

City or Territory Country Ban announced Ban commences Scope Selectivity
Amsterdam  Netherlands


2019 2030[25] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles
Athens  Greece


2016 2025[26] Diesel All vehicles
Auckland  New Zealand


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Balearic Islands  Spain


2018 2025−35[27] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles
Barcelona  Spain


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
British Columbia  Canada


2018 2025[28] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles by 2040, 10% ZEVs by 2025
Brussels  Belgium


2018 2030[29] Diesel All vehicles
Cape Town  South Africa


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Copenhagen  Denmark


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Hainan  China


2018 2030[30] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles
Heidelberg  Germany


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
London  United Kingdom


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Los Angeles  United States


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Madrid  Spain


2016 2025[26] Diesel All vehicles
Mexico City  Mexico


2016 2025[26] Diesel All vehicles
Milan  Italy


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Oxford  United Kingdom


2017 2020−35[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles (initially during daytime hours on six streets)[31][32]
Paris  France


2016 2025[26] Diesel All vehicles
Quito  Ecuador


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Rome  Italy


2018 2024[33] Diesel All vehicles
Seattle  United States


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025
Vancouver  Canada


2017 2030[4] Gasoline or Diesel All vehicles, electric buses by 2025

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Japan's Hydrogen Strategy and its Economic and Geopolitical Implications Full text, IFRI Center for Energy, ,
  2. ↑ Target Compliance: The Final Frontier of Policy Implementation Full text, Weaver, R. Kent, Brookings Institution,
  3. ↑ International Trade Governance and Sustainable Transport: The Expansion of Electric Vehicles Full text, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, December 2017,
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 Survey of Global Activity to Phase Out Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Full text, Burch, Isabella, , September 2018,
  5. ↑ , What Will It Not as Much as You Might Think Full text, Union of Concerned Scientists,
  6. ↑ These countries are banning gas-powered vehicles by 2040 Full text, ,
  7. ↑ As the UK plans to phase out petrol cars, is Australia being left behind? Full text, Slezak, Michael, the Guardian, 30 July 2017,
  8. ↑ China to ban petrol and diesel cars, state media reports Full text, ,
  9. ↑ Costa Rica Plans To Eliminate Fossil Fuels By 2021 Full text, ,
  10. ↑ , Denmark embraces electric car revolution with petrol and diesel ban plan Full text, , 2 October 2018,
  11. ↑ , France plans ban on petrol cars by 2040 Full text, BBC News, 6 July 2017,
  12. ↑ Stefna að bensín- og dísilbílabanni 2030 Full text, Arnar Thor Ingolfsson, , Morgunblaðið, 2018-10-09,
  13. ↑ Countries are announcing plans to phase out petrol and diesel cars. Is yours on the list? Full text, ,
  14. ↑ No plan to ban petrol, diesel vehicles, says Nitin Gadkari amid crisis in auto sector Full text, Hindustan Times, 2019-09-05, Accessed on: 2019-09-10.
  15. ↑ Slowdown Blues: Nitin Gadkari does a U-turn, says no ban on petrol, diesel cars Full text, www.businesstoday.in, Accessed on: 2019-09-10.
  16. ↑ Ireland 2040: €22bn to turn State into low-carbon economy Full text, ,
  17. ↑ Israel aims to eliminate use of coal, gasoline and diesel by 2030 Full text, ,
  18. ↑ Denmark embraces electric car revolution with petrol and diesel ban plan Full text, , 7 January 2019,
  19. ↑ Nine countries say they'll ban internal combustion engines Full text, , 7 August 2018,
  20. ↑ Britain to ban sale of all diesel and petrol cars and vans from 2040 Full text, the Guardian, 25 July 2017,
  21. ↑ Scotland aims to phase out new petrol, diesel cars by 2032 Full text, Reuters UK, 5 September 2017,
  22. ↑ , Sri Lanka to scrap state-owned fossil fuel vehicles by 2025 Full text, The Straits Times, 10 November 2017,
  23. ↑ Ny regering – nu väntar förbud mot bensinbilar Full text, Kristensson, Johan, Ny Teknik, Accessed on: 2019-05-26.
  24. ↑ C40 : Fossil-Fuel-Free Streets Declaration Full text, www.c40.org, Accessed on: 2019-01-23.
  25. ↑ City of Amsterdam to ban polluting cars from 2030 Full text, Reuters, 2019-05-02, Accessed on: 2019-05-02.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Four of world's biggest cities to ban diesel cars from their centres Full text, Harvey, Fiona, the Guardian, 2016-12-02, Accessed on: 2018-04-08.
  27. ↑ Mallorca Goes Deep Green
  28. ↑ B.C. plans to ban new gas, diesel car sales by 2040
  29. ↑ Brussel gaat dieselwagens verbannen vanaf 2030, regering wil ook maatregelen tegen benzinewagens Full text, gjs, Het Nieuwsblad, Accessed on: 2019-01-25.
  30. ↑ 2030, Pulau Ini Larang Penjualan Mobil Berbahan Bakar Fosil
  31. ↑ Oxford to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles and become 'world's first zero-emissions zone' Full text, Smith, Lydia, The Independent, Independent Print Limited, October 11, 2017, Accessed on: July 7, 2019.
  32. ↑ Oxford Zero Emission Zone (ZEZ) frequently asked questions Full text, Oxford City Council, 2019, Accessed on: July 7, 2019.
  33. ↑ Rome latest city to announce car ban, will ban diesel cars from historical center starting 2024 Full text, , 28 February 2018,
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD