Phenice method
A method for determining sex from skeletal remains
The Phenice method is a technique used in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology to determine the sex of human skeletal remains. Developed by T.W. Phenice in 1969, this method focuses on the morphological differences in the pelvis, specifically the os coxae, which are the most sexually dimorphic bones in the human body.
Methodology[edit | edit source]
The Phenice method involves the examination of three specific features of the os coxae:
Ventral Arc[edit | edit source]
The ventral arc is a bony ridge located on the anterior surface of the pubis. In females, this ridge is more pronounced and forms a distinct arc, whereas in males, it is less prominent or absent. This feature is assessed by palpating the surface of the pubis and visually inspecting the curvature.
Subpubic Concavity[edit | edit source]
The subpubic concavity refers to the shape of the inferior border of the pubic ramus. In females, this border is concave, creating a noticeable indentation, while in males, it is straighter or slightly convex. This feature is evaluated by observing the contour of the pubic ramus from a lateral view.
Ischiopubic Ramus Ridge[edit | edit source]
The ischiopubic ramus ridge is a ridge of bone located on the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus. In females, this ridge is sharper and more pronounced, whereas in males, it is broader and less defined. This feature is assessed by palpating the medial surface of the ischiopubic ramus.
Applications[edit | edit source]
The Phenice method is widely used in forensic anthropology for the identification of sex in skeletal remains, particularly in archaeological contexts where DNA analysis may not be feasible. It is valued for its simplicity and reliability, with studies showing high accuracy rates when applied by trained professionals.
Limitations[edit | edit source]
While the Phenice method is effective, it is not without limitations. The accuracy of the method can be affected by the preservation of the skeletal remains and the experience of the examiner. Additionally, the method is most reliable when applied to adult skeletons, as the sexual dimorphism in the pelvis is less pronounced in subadult individuals.
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