Phylloquinone
Phylloquinone (also known as vitamin K1) is a type of vitamin K that is naturally present in some foods and can be made in the body from vitamin K3. It is essential for the functioning of several proteins involved in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and heart health.
Sources and Function[edit | edit source]
Phylloquinone is found in high amounts in green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, kale, and broccoli. It is also found in some fruits, such as avocados and kiwi fruit. The body can convert phylloquinone into other forms of vitamin K, including menaquinone (vitamin K2), which is also needed for blood clotting and bone health.
Phylloquinone plays a crucial role in the body's blood clotting process. It is needed for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation, such as prothrombin and factors VII, IX, and X. Without sufficient vitamin K, the blood would not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding.
In addition to its role in blood clotting, phylloquinone is also important for bone health. It is involved in the metabolism of bone cells and is needed for the synthesis of osteocalcin, a protein that strengthens the composition of bone. Low levels of vitamin K have been linked with low bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis.
Deficiency and Toxicity[edit | edit source]
Vitamin K deficiency is rare but can lead to serious health problems, such as uncontrolled bleeding and increased risk of bone fractures. People at risk of vitamin K deficiency include those with malabsorption conditions, such as celiac disease, and those taking certain medications, such as antibiotics and anticoagulants.
High doses of phylloquinone are not usually toxic, but they can interfere with the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications. Therefore, people taking these medications should not consume large amounts of vitamin K without consulting their healthcare provider.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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