Phyllosticta citricarpa

Phyllosticta citricarpa is a fungal pathogen that causes a disease known as Citrus Black Spot (CBS). This disease is a significant concern for citrus growers worldwide, as it can lead to severe yield losses and affect the quality of the fruit.

Taxonomy

The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa belongs to the Ascomycota division, which is the largest phylum of fungi, comprising about 75% of all described fungal species. It is classified under the family Mycosphaerellaceae, which includes many other plant pathogens.

Disease Cycle

The disease cycle of Phyllosticta citricarpa begins when its spores, or conidia, are dispersed by rain or wind to the surface of a citrus fruit or leaf. The spores germinate and penetrate the plant tissue, causing the characteristic black spot lesions. The fungus can survive in fallen leaves and fruit, providing a source of inoculum for future infections.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of CBS is the appearance of hard, black, raised spots on the fruit's surface. These spots can vary in size and number. The disease can be diagnosed by observing these symptoms and confirmed by laboratory tests such as PCR.

Management

Management of CBS involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical control. Cultural practices include the removal of infected plant material and the use of resistant varieties. Chemical control typically involves the application of fungicides.

Economic Impact

CBS can cause significant economic losses for citrus growers. The disease can reduce both the yield and the quality of the fruit, making it less marketable. In severe cases, entire orchards can be lost.

See Also

• Citrus diseases
• Plant pathology
• Mycology

References

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