Phytoestrogen

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived xenoestrogens (not generated within the endocrine system but consumed by eating phytoestrogenic plants) that function similarly to the hormone estrogen. They have been found in over 300 plants, including whole grains, seeds (especially flax seeds), berries, fruits, vegetables, and, to a lesser extent, in wine and tea.

Sources of Phytoestrogens

Phytoestrogens can be found in a variety of foods. Some of the most common sources include soy products, flaxseeds, sesame seeds, wheat berries, fenugreek, oats, barley, beans, lentils, yams, rice, alfalfa, mung beans, apples, carrots, pomegranates, wheat germ, rice bran, lupin, kudzu, coffee, licorice root, mint, ginseng, hops, bourbon, beer, fennel and anise.

Types of Phytoestrogens

There are several different types of phytoestrogens, including but not limited to:

• Isoflavones: These are found in soybeans, chickpeas, and other legumes.
• Lignans: These are found in flaxseeds, whole grains, and some fruits and vegetables.
• Coumestans: These are found in split peas, pinto beans, and lima beans.
• Stilbenes: Resveratrol is a type of stilbene found in grapes and wine.

Health Effects

Phytoestrogens have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects, depending on their concentration, the presence of endogenous estrogen, and the estrogen receptor subtype they bind to. They have been studied for their potential benefits and risks in various health issues, such as menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular health, bone health, cancer, brain function, and reproductive health.

See Also

• Estrogen
• Xenoestrogen
• Endocrine system
• Menopause
• Cardiovascular disease
• Osteoporosis
• Cancer
• Neurology
• Reproductive health

Phytoestrogen Resources
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