Pierre Marie

Hypertension
[[File:|250px|]]
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath
Complications	Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, diet, lifestyle
Risks	Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption
Diagnosis	Blood pressure measurement
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the heart and arteries. Some people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Causes

The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Genetics
• Unhealthy diet, particularly high salt intake
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking

Diagnosis

Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Reducing salt intake
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking

Medications used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

Complications

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Kidney failure
• Vision loss

Prevention

Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.

See Also

• Cardiovascular disease
• Blood pressure
• Heart attack

External Links

• World Health Organization: Hypertension
• CDC: High Blood Pressure

Pierre Marie (1853–1940) was a French neurologist who made significant contributions to the field of neurology, particularly in the areas of acromegaly and gigantism. He is best known for his work on pituitary tumors and their effects on physical growth and development. Marie's research helped to advance the understanding of the endocrine system and its impact on the human body.

Early Life and Education

Pierre Marie was born in Paris, France, in 1853. He pursued his medical education at the University of Paris, where he developed a keen interest in neurology. Under the mentorship of Jean-Martin Charcot, a prominent figure in the field of neurology, Marie honed his skills and knowledge, eventually becoming one of Charcot's most distinguished students.

Career and Contributions

After completing his education, Pierre Marie embarked on a career that would see him make lasting contributions to neurology. He worked at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, where he conducted extensive research on various neurological disorders. One of Marie's most notable contributions was his research on acromegaly, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, due to excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. In 1886, he was the first to describe the disease, distinguishing it from other forms of gigantism and linking it to pituitary dysfunction. This work laid the foundation for future research on the endocrine system and its disorders. Marie also made significant contributions to the understanding of cerebellar ataxia, a disorder affecting coordination and balance. He described the condition known as "Marie's ataxia," highlighting the role of the cerebellum in motor control. Throughout his career, Pierre Marie was a prolific writer, publishing numerous articles and books on neurology. His work has been influential in shaping the field and continues to be referenced by neurologists today.

Legacy

Pierre Marie's contributions to neurology have left a lasting legacy. His research on acromegaly and gigantism, in particular, has had a profound impact on the understanding of these conditions and the development of treatments for them. The term "Marie's disease" is still used to describe acromegaly, reflecting his significant role in the history of neurology.

Death

Pierre Marie passed away in 1940, leaving behind a body of work that continues to influence the field of neurology. His dedication to understanding the complexities of the human nervous system has made him a respected figure in medical history.