Pin grid array

AMD Phenom II X6 1090T (HDT90ZFBK6DGR) CPU-pins PNr°0295

Pin grid array (PGA) is a type of integrated circuit packaging. In a PGA, the package is square or rectangular, and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the package. The pins are typically made of a conductive material such as gold or copper and are used to connect the integrated circuit to a printed circuit board (PCB) or a socket.

Design and Structure

The pin grid array design allows for a high density of pins, which can be beneficial for complex integrated circuits that require many connections. The pins are usually spaced at a standard pitch, such as 2.54 mm (0.1 inches), which allows for compatibility with standard sockets and PCBs.

Types of PGA

There are several types of PGA packages, including:

• Ceramic Pin Grid Array (CPGA): Made from ceramic materials, offering high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
• Plastic Pin Grid Array (PPGA): Made from plastic materials, typically used for lower-cost applications.
• Flip-Chip Pin Grid Array (FCPGA): A type of PGA where the die is flipped and bonded directly to the package, improving electrical performance and heat dissipation.

Applications

PGA packages are commonly used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other high-performance integrated circuits. They are favored in applications where reliable and robust connections are required, and where the integrated circuit may need to be replaced or upgraded.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

• High pin density allows for complex and high-performance integrated circuits.
• Reliable and robust connections.
• Easy to replace or upgrade the integrated circuit.

Disadvantages

• The large number of pins can make the package more susceptible to damage during handling.
• Requires precise alignment when inserting into a socket or PCB.

Related Technologies

• Ball grid array (BGA)
• Land grid array (LGA)
• Dual in-line package (DIP)
• Surface-mount technology (SMT)

See Also

• Integrated circuit
• Printed circuit board
• Socket (computing)
• Microprocessor
• Microcontroller