Pinus cembra

Pinus cembra, also known as the Swiss pine or Arolla pine, is a species of pine native to the Alps and Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe. It is a member of the Pinaceae family and the Pinus genus.

Description

Pinus cembra is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 25-35 meters in height. The bark is smooth and grey-brown in young trees, becoming dark and fissured in older trees. The leaves are needle-like, dark green, and grow in bundles of five. The cones are cylindrical, 5-10 cm long, and mature in their second year.

Distribution and Habitat

Pinus cembra is found in the mountainous regions of Central Europe, particularly in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains. It prefers high altitudes, typically growing at elevations of 1,200-2,300 meters. It is well-adapted to harsh mountain climates and poor, rocky soils.

Ecology

Pinus cembra plays a significant role in its ecosystem. Its seeds are a food source for various bird species, including the Eurasian nutcracker, which also helps to disperse the seeds. The tree provides habitat for various insects and fungi.

Uses

Pinus cembra has been used for centuries for its timber, which is durable and resistant to decay. It is also used in furniture making and for carving. The tree is also planted for ornamental purposes and is used in bonsai.

Conservation

While Pinus cembra is not currently considered threatened, it is vulnerable to climate change and habitat loss. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting its habitat and promoting sustainable use of its resources.

See also

• Pinus
• Alps
• Carpathian Mountains