Pipturus albidus

Starr 030405-0099 Pipturus albidus

Pipturus albidus, commonly known as Māmaki or Mamake, is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae. It is endemic to Hawaii and holds significant cultural and ecological importance in its native range. Māmaki is a small to medium-sized shrub or small tree, typically reaching heights of up to 10 meters. It is characterized by its heart-shaped leaves, white to pale yellow flowers, and red or orange fruits that contain a single seed.

Description

Pipturus albidus exhibits a broad range of morphological characteristics, which can vary significantly across its distribution. The plant's leaves are large, dark green, and have a soft, velvety texture. The edges of the leaves are serrated, and they are attached to the stem by a long petiole. The flowers of Māmaki are small and inconspicuous, arranged in clusters known as inflorescences. These flowers give way to the fruit, which is a drupe that turns from green to a deep red or orange as it matures.

Habitat and Distribution

Māmaki is found exclusively in the Hawaiian Islands, where it plays a vital role in the local ecosystems. It thrives in a variety of habitats, from wet forests to lava plains, at elevations ranging from sea level to over 2,500 meters. The plant's adaptability to different environmental conditions has made it a key species in the reforestation and habitat restoration efforts across Hawaii.

Cultural Significance

In Hawaiian culture, Māmaki has been used for medicinal, nutritional, and ceremonial purposes. The leaves of the plant are traditionally used to make a herbal tea, believed to have numerous health benefits, including digestive aid and stress relief. Māmaki tea is still popular in Hawaii today, celebrated for its unique taste and therapeutic properties.

Conservation

While Pipturus albidus is not currently listed as endangered, its habitat is threatened by deforestation, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and preserve Māmaki populations, including habitat restoration projects and the cultivation of the plant in botanical gardens and private collections.

Uses

Apart from its medicinal and ceremonial uses, Māmaki is also valued for its ecological benefits. The plant is a host for the larvae of the Kamehameha butterfly (Vanessa tameamea), one of the two endemic butterflies of Hawaii. Its fruits are consumed by various native bird species, contributing to seed dispersal and forest regeneration.

See Also

• Urticaceae
• Endemic species of Hawaii
• Herbal tea
• Conservation in Hawaii