Pistacia chinensis

Pistacia chinensis

Pistacia chinensis (Anacardiaceae) (tree)

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黃連木 Pistacia chinensis 20210320101416 10

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Pistacia chinensis, commonly known as the Chinese pistache, is a species of tree in the Anacardiaceae family, which also includes the mango, poison ivy, and the true pistachio (Pistacia vera). Native to central and western China, it has been widely cultivated around the world for its aesthetic appeal and its tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions, making it a popular choice in urban and suburban landscapes.

Description

Pistacia chinensis is a deciduous tree that typically grows to a height of 20 to 35 feet, but can reach up to 60 feet under optimal conditions. It has a broad, rounded to umbrella-shaped canopy that provides ample shade. The tree is known for its attractive compound leaves, which are pinnately divided into 10 to 12 leaflets and turn vibrant shades of orange, red, and purple in the fall, making it a popular choice for adding color to landscapes.

The bark of Pistacia chinensis is gray to brown, and becomes deeply fissured with age. The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers in panicles; male and female flowers are borne on separate trees (dioecious). The female trees, if pollinated, bear small, blue to red fruits that are popular with birds, though they are not edible for humans.

Cultivation and Uses

Pistacia chinensis is valued in horticulture for its hardiness, drought tolerance, and ability to adapt to a wide range of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils. It is resistant to many diseases and pests, making it a low-maintenance option for landscape use. The tree is often planted as a street tree, in parks, and in residential landscapes for its shade and spectacular fall color.

To cultivate Pistacia chinensis, it should be planted in a location with full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is relatively slow-growing but becomes more vigorous once established. Pruning may be necessary to maintain its shape and remove any dead or diseased branches.

Ecological Impact

While Pistacia chinensis is not native outside of China, it has not been reported to be invasive in areas where it has been introduced. Its use in landscaping is generally considered to have a positive impact, providing habitat and food for wildlife, including birds and beneficial insects.

Varieties and Hybrids

Several cultivars of Pistacia chinensis have been developed to enhance certain desirable traits, such as fall color, growth habit, or fruitlessness (in the case of male cultivars). Some of the most popular cultivars include 'Keith Davey', a male clone known for its vibrant fall color and uniform growth habit, and 'Red Push', noted for its red new growth and resistance to leaf spot.

Conservation

As Pistacia chinensis is widely cultivated and not under any known threat in its native habitat, it is not listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Conservation efforts are primarily focused on maintaining genetic diversity within cultivated populations and ensuring the preservation of natural habitats in China.

Conclusion

Pistacia chinensis is a versatile and attractive tree that offers many benefits in landscape design and urban forestry. Its ease of cultivation, combined with its aesthetic appeal and ecological benefits, make it a valuable addition to gardens and public spaces around the world.