Pit-house

Pit-house

A pit-house is a type of dwelling that is partially dug into the ground and covered by a roof. These structures have been used by various cultures throughout history and are known for their energy efficiency and ability to provide shelter in diverse climates. This article explores the construction, historical significance, and cultural variations of pit-houses.

Construction

Pit-houses are typically constructed by excavating a shallow pit in the ground, which forms the foundation of the dwelling. The depth of the pit can vary, but it is generally deep enough to provide insulation from the elements. The walls of the pit are often reinforced with materials such as wood, stone, or clay to provide stability and support.

The roof of a pit-house is usually constructed from natural materials like wood, thatch, or sod. It is designed to cover the pit and provide protection from rain, snow, and wind. The roof may be supported by wooden beams or posts, and it often features a central opening to allow smoke from indoor fires to escape.

Historical Significance

Pit-houses have been used by many cultures across the world, including the Ancestral Puebloans of the American Southwest, the Jomon people of Japan, and the Neolithic cultures of Europe. These structures are often associated with early human settlements and are considered an important part of archaeological studies.

In North America, pit-houses were commonly used by indigenous peoples such as the Plateau peoples and the Plains Indians. These dwellings provided warmth during harsh winters and were often used as semi-permanent homes.

Cultural Variations

Different cultures have adapted the basic design of the pit-house to suit their specific environmental and social needs. For example, the Kivas of the Ancestral Puebloans were ceremonial pit-houses used for religious and community gatherings. In contrast, the Yurts of Central Asia, while not true pit-houses, share the concept of a semi-subterranean living space with a central hearth.

In Japan, the Jomon people constructed pit-houses with circular or oval shapes, using stone tools to dig the pits and wooden posts to support the roofs. These structures were often clustered in small villages, indicating a communal lifestyle.

Modern Use

While traditional pit-houses are less common today, the principles of their design are still applied in modern architecture. Earth-sheltered homes, which are built into hillsides or partially underground, draw inspiration from pit-houses and offer similar benefits in terms of energy efficiency and environmental harmony.

Also see

• Earth sheltering
• Kiva
• Yurt
• Ancestral Puebloans
• Jomon period