Platanus × acerifolia

Berkeley Square - geograph.org.uk - 911963

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Arboles de Platanos

Arboles de Platanos (2)

London Plane Whole

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London plane summer

London Plane, Topčider Park, Belgrade

Platanus × acerifolia, commonly known as the London plane, is a hybrid tree species resulting from the cross between the American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and the Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis). It is renowned for its considerable size, expansive canopy, and the distinctive peeling bark which reveals a patchwork of grey, green, and cream. First identified in the 17th century, this hybrid has become a prominent feature in urban landscapes across the globe due to its resilience to pollution and its ability to thrive in confined soil spaces, making it a popular choice for city streets and parks.

Description

The London plane typically reaches heights of 20-35 meters (65-115 feet), with a broad and spreading canopy that provides ample shade. The leaves of Platanus × acerifolia are large, lobed, and resemble those of a maple, which is reflected in its scientific name (acerifolia meaning "maple-leaved"). The bark is one of the tree's most distinctive features, exfoliating in large patches to reveal a mosaic of colors beneath. This process not only contributes to the tree's aesthetic appeal but also helps it to shed pollutants that adhere to its surface, a characteristic that has contributed to its success in urban environments.

Cultivation and Uses

Platanus × acerifolia is highly adaptable and can tolerate a wide range of soil types, though it prefers moist, well-drained soils. It is resistant to air pollution and root compaction, which, combined with its rapid growth rate, makes it an ideal species for urban planting. The tree is also valued for its wood, which is used in veneer production and for making furniture.

In addition to its practical applications, the London plane plays a significant role in urban ecology, providing habitat and food for various bird and insect species. Its large canopy helps in temperature regulation, reducing the urban heat island effect, and its roots can help in the management of stormwater runoff.

Propagation

Propagation of Platanus × acerifolia is primarily through cuttings, as the tree is a hybrid and does not breed true from seed. Cuttings are taken in late winter, treated with rooting hormone, and planted in moist soil until they establish a robust root system.

Problems

Despite its many benefits, the London plane is not without its issues. It is susceptible to a number of diseases, including anthracnose, which can cause leaf and twig blight, and canker stain, a serious disease that can lead to the death of the tree. Additionally, the fine hairs shed by the leaves and bark can irritate the respiratory system, causing problems for people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.

Conservation and Management

Efforts to conserve Platanus × acerifolia focus on the selection and breeding of disease-resistant varieties, as well as the management of existing trees to prevent the spread of disease. Urban forestry programs play a crucial role in the planting, maintenance, and care of London planes in city environments, ensuring that they continue to contribute to urban biodiversity and the well-being of city residents.